A new low-turbulence wind tunnel for animal and small vehicle flight experiments
Identifieur interne : 000013 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000012; suivant : 000014A new low-turbulence wind tunnel for animal and small vehicle flight experiments
Auteurs : Daniel B. Quinn [États-Unis] ; Anthony Watts [États-Unis] ; Tony Nagle [États-Unis] ; David Lentink [États-Unis]Source :
- Royal Society Open Science [ 2054-5703 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Our understanding of animal flight benefits greatly from specialized wind tunnels designed for flying animals. Existing facilities can simulate laminar flow during straight, ascending and descending flight, as well as at different altitudes. However, the atmosphere in which animals fly is even more complex. Flow can be laminar and quiet at high altitudes but highly turbulent near the ground, and gusts can rapidly change wind speed. To study flight in both laminar and turbulent environments, a multi-purpose wind tunnel for studying animal and small vehicle flight was built at Stanford University. The tunnel is closed-circuit and can produce airspeeds up to 50 m s−1 in a rectangular test section that is 1.0 m wide, 0.82 m tall and 1.73 m long. Seamless honeycomb and screens in the airline together with a carefully designed contraction reduce centreline turbulence intensities to less than or equal to 0.030% at all operating speeds. A large diameter fan and specialized acoustic treatment allow the tunnel to operate at low noise levels of 76.4 dB at 20 m s−1. To simulate high turbulence, an active turbulence grid can increase turbulence intensities up to 45%. Finally, an open jet configuration enables stereo high-speed fluoroscopy for studying musculoskeletal control in turbulent flow.
Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160960
PubMed: 28405384
PubMed Central: 5383841
Affiliations:
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Quinn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering</addr-line>,<institution>Stanford University</institution>,<addr-line>Stanford, CA</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, Anthony" sort="Watts, Anthony" uniqKey="Watts A" first="Anthony" last="Watts">Anthony Watts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Jacobs</institution>,<addr-line>Tullahoma, TN</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagle, Tony" sort="Nagle, Tony" uniqKey="Nagle T" first="Tony" last="Nagle">Tony Nagle</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Jacobs</institution>,<addr-line>Tullahoma, TN</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lentink, David" sort="Lentink, David" uniqKey="Lentink D" first="David" last="Lentink">David Lentink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering</addr-line>,<institution>Stanford University</institution>,<addr-line>Stanford, CA</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Royal Society Open Science</title><idno type="eISSN">2054-5703</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Our understanding of animal flight benefits greatly from specialized wind tunnels designed for flying animals. Existing facilities can simulate laminar flow during straight, ascending and descending flight, as well as at different altitudes. However, the atmosphere in which animals fly is even more complex. Flow can be laminar and quiet at high altitudes but highly turbulent near the ground, and gusts can rapidly change wind speed. To study flight in both laminar and turbulent environments, a multi-purpose wind tunnel for studying animal and small vehicle flight was built at Stanford University. The tunnel is closed-circuit and can produce airspeeds up to 50 m s<sup>−1</sup> in a rectangular test section that is 1.0 m wide, 0.82 m tall and 1.73 m long. Seamless honeycomb and screens in the airline together with a carefully designed contraction reduce centreline turbulence intensities to less than or equal to 0.030% at all operating speeds. A large diameter fan and specialized acoustic treatment allow the tunnel to operate at low noise levels of 76.4 dB at 20 m s<sup>−1</sup>. To simulate high turbulence, an active turbulence grid can increase turbulence intensities up to 45%. Finally, an open jet configuration enables stereo high-speed fluoroscopy for studying musculoskeletal control in turbulent flow.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tucker, Va" uniqKey="Tucker V">VA Tucker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parrott, Gc" uniqKey="Parrott G">GC Parrott</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pennycuick, Cj" uniqKey="Pennycuick C">CJ Pennycuick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butler, Pj" uniqKey="Butler P">PJ Butler</name></author><author><name sortKey="West, Nh" uniqKey="West N">NH West</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Dr" uniqKey="Jones D">DR Jones</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hedrick, Tl" uniqKey="Hedrick T">TL Hedrick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tobalske, Bw" uniqKey="Tobalske B">BW 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Prohasky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watkins, S" uniqKey="Watkins S">S Watkins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quinn, Db" uniqKey="Quinn D">DB Quinn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, A" uniqKey="Watts A">A Watts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagle, T" uniqKey="Nagle T">T Nagle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lentink, D" uniqKey="Lentink D">D Lentink</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Quinn, Daniel B" sort="Quinn, Daniel B" uniqKey="Quinn D" first="Daniel B." last="Quinn">Daniel B. Quinn</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lentink, David" sort="Lentink, David" uniqKey="Lentink D" first="David" last="Lentink">David Lentink</name><name sortKey="Nagle, Tony" sort="Nagle, Tony" uniqKey="Nagle T" first="Tony" last="Nagle">Tony Nagle</name><name sortKey="Watts, Anthony" sort="Watts, Anthony" uniqKey="Watts A" first="Anthony" last="Watts">Anthony Watts</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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